67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis

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67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks. PMH includes hypothyroidism well-controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF. Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air. Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years. HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with loss of normal rugae. Turbinate’s pale but no swelling. Thyroid palpable but no nodules felt. No lymph nodes palpated. …

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67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis

The case analysis examines a wide range of diseases that may occur on the patient and explains the manifestations of the patient’s symptoms. In particular, the paper discusses the link between STDs and fertility, inflammatory markers of PID, prostatitis and systematic reactions and the mechanism and reasons for splenectomy, and finally, the patient’s diagnosis of macrocytic anemia.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) The factors that affect fertility (STDs) Sexually Transmitted Diseases and infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility in both men and women. Scarring and inflammation in the fallopian tube, uterus, the urethra, and as well as the urinary tract in women often affect the ability of women to give birth (Park et al., 2017). In women, scarring and inflammation are associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which occurs as a secondary infection as a result of having an STD. With PID being symptomless, it can damage pelvic, ovarian, or fallopian tube damage (Jaiyeoba, & Soper, 2011). Gonorrhea and chlamydia are among the STIs directly associated with PID if left untreated. Studies show that PID causes infertility in 100,000 women in the U.S. annually, and has an incidence of 1, 000,000 (Park et al., 2017). Furthermore, treatments to HPV, which causes cervical cancer, such as chemotherapy and hysterectomy, could also result in infertility. As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID. Inflammatory markers of PID rise to highlight the high probability of the disease. There is a limited mechanism to identify and diagnose PID besides clinical examinations for markers (Gul et al., 2018). The markers include WBC, CRB, and CA-125. Since PID colonizes the upper genital tract, using inflammatory markers to identify inflammations and pelvic tenderness as well as sexually transmitted infections. Since PID has no single test or diagnostic indicators, inflammatory markers help predict the occurrence of the disease.  For instance, elevated serum WBC levels are a marker of PID but only in 60% in all cases. C-reactive protein (CRP), also an inflammatory marker is shown to exist in 83% of all acute PID diagnosis. CRP levels are also used to monitor PID as they are reactive to antibiotic treatment. CA-125, an inflammatory marker, is also associated with salpingitis, which is associated with a clinical diagnosis of PID. Elevated levels of the inflammatory markers indicate a specific predictive level, the presence of PID.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Prostatitis, And the Causes of a Systemic Reaction. Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain, low back pain, suprapubic pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia, straining, weak stream, hesitancy, and a sense of incomplete bladder emptying (Hedayat, & Lapraz, 2019). Differential diagnosis of the disease is STDs, urinary tract infections, genitourinary malignancy, urethral stricture, and neurogenic bladder (Hedayat, & Lapraz, 2019). Bacteria that cause prostatitis are also associated with UTI. The systematic reaction is a reaction to a noxious stressor such as acute inflammation, infection, surgery, or ischemia to eliminate the source of the insult (Chakraborty, & Burns, 2020). Despite acting as a defense, the reaction can lead to an inflammatory counter-response, which can lead to organ failure and death (Chakraborty, & Burns, 2020). In this patient, a pulse of 118, and respirations at 22 breaths/minute satisfy the criteria of determining a systematic reaction.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP. After a diagnosis of ITP, a splenectomy removes the spleen, the site for platelet clearance, because ITP destroys circulating platelets or suppression of platelet production (Chaturvedi, Arnold, & McCrae, 2018). Presently, the decision to do a splenectomy is delayed to the late stages of the diseases due to the high remission rates and increased risk of infections due to the infection.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis)

Anemia and the different kinds of anemia Anemia is characterized by a low number of red blood cells. Anemia can be divided based on the volume of red blood cells. In microcytic anemia, the red blood cells are larger than normal. In microcytic, RBC is smaller than normal. Macrocytic anemia is associated with vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency (Maner, & Moosavi, 2019). This form of anemia is common among the elderly such as our patients. Lab results indicate that the HGB, HCT, reticulocyte count, serum B12 levels are low while mean corpuscle volume (MCV), plasma iron, and ferritin levels are high. This results combined with the symptoms shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet as well as pale, anxious appearing older than stated years to indicate that the patient is exhibiting symptoms of macrocytic anemia (Maner, & Moosavi, 2019). Hypothyroidism is one of the causes of high MCV and low B12. The numbness of feet, weight loss, and weakness are also indicators of low B12 levels.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Conclusion The patients are exhibiting symptoms of macrocytic anemia. Onset hypothyroidism increased the risk of the disease, and low B12, high MCV, numb feet, and paleness underline the presence of the disease. The paper offers a comprehensive analysis that offers detain on the action of STDs in causing infertility, an inflammatory marker for PID, and macrocytic anemia as exhibited by the patient. References Chakraborty RK, & Burns B. (2020). Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. [Updated 2020 Apr 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547669/(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood, 131(11), 1172–1182. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-09-742353 Gul, B. K. S., Albati, Z. A., Badr, R. R. I., Alfaraj, Z. M., Almatrafi, A. S., Banoun, A. A., … & Alahmari, A. S. (2018). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 70(9), 1464-1467. Hedayat, K. M., & Lapraz, J. C. (2019). The Theory of Endobiogeny: Volume 3: Advanced Concepts for the Treatment of Complex Clinical Conditions. Academic Press.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Jaiyeoba, O., & Soper, D. E. (2011). A practical approach to the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2011. Maner BS, & Moosavi L. (2019). Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) [Updated 2019 Nov 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545275/(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) Park, S. T., Lee, S. W., Kim, M. J., Kang, Y. M., Moon, H. M., & Rhim, C. C. (2017). Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease. BMC women’s health, 17(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0356-9(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis)

Question

67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks. PMH includes hypothyroidism well controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF. Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air. Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with loss of normal rugae. Turbinate’s pale but no swelling. Thyroid palpable but no nodules felt. No lymph nodes palpated. Cardiac-regular rate and rhythm with soft II/VI systolic murmur. Respiratory- lungs clear with no adventitious breath sounds. Abdomen-soft, non-tender with positive bowel sounds. Liver edge palpated two finger breadths below right costal margin. Lab data- hgb, hct, reticulocyte count, serum B12 levels low, mean corpuscle volume, plasma iron, and ferritin levels high, folate, TIBC are normal.(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis) In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

• The factors that affect fertility (STDs).(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis)
• Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.
• Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.
• Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.
• Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic)(67 Year Old Female Case Study Analysis)
• A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.

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