This article discusses Stimulants, Depressants, Inhalants, and Psychopharmacology.
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Different pharmaceutical medicine pills on magnetic brain resonance scan mri background. Pharmacy theme, health care, drug prescription for tumor, alzheimer, mental illness treatment
Do you believe that some drugs can make you smarter, faster, more alert, and even invincible? These claims are commonly associated with a class of drugs known as “stimulants,” which excite the nervous system. Some stimulants you may have heard of are cocaine and methamphetamine. Even though we may think of these stimulants as drugs of abuse, there is a long history of stimulants also being used for medicinal purposes. One relevant example is the class of stimulant drugs (e.g., Ritalin) that is commonly used to treat ADHD. It may seem counter-intuitive, but these drugs are extremely effective in improving focus in children with ADHD. However, we now know that there is widespread abuse by those without ADHD, who are seeking to sharpen their focus, alertness, and cognitive performance.
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Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example-Solution
Stimulants, Depressants, Inhalants, and Psychopharmacology
Introduction
The medical model of mental health refers to the medical model of disease, which assumes disease to be wholly attributed to deviations from the normal measure of biological variables. This discussion aims at exploring the medical model of mental disorders through the perspective of its definition and impact on treatment.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment
The operational definition of mental disorders as being caused by neurotransmitter dysregulation, defects, and genetic anomalies is informed of the medical model. However, scholars are yet to identify a biological cause or even have a reliable biomarker for any mental disease. In contemporary healthcare, clinicians have accessed limited literature on what medical model and social model of mental health may mean to the individual patient, further enhancing that challenge to sufficiently respond to the issues that may arise. Serious mental illnesses include but are not limited to major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse disorder. In view of these, the medical model assumes a predominantly biological approach where genetics, neuroanatomical neurotransmitters, and neurophysiology in all disorders have either a physical or organic cause. The psychopathologist, therefore, contends that mental disorders are connected to the brain’s physical structure and functioning with the symptoms of these diseases like hallucinations and psychoses being caused by the disease itself.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Through the symptoms exhibited by the patient, their psychiatrist can diagnose and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Using the Medical Model, the prescribing physician treats the illness as a medical condition whereby the appropriate medication like stimulants, depressants, and inhalants add to or modify the specific chemical causing problems in terms of mood, anxiety, perception, or other mental aberrations. With the correct dosage, the medication administered profoundly alters the functioning of the affected part positively. Citing the case of individuals having anxiety disorders and phobias, research indicates that the issue at hand involves the regulation of serotonin levels within the brain. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin modulates signals between neurons and the adjacent cells, primarily moderating the mood. This way, serotonin high or low levels can trigger depression or anxiety, and the resulting phobias are treated using antidepressants medically known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Suffice it to say that SSRIs are not the only medications used to treat and control l phobias, but in the treatment, courses are ranked as among the most effective (Ipthegrove et al., 2017).(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Weaknesses of the Medical Model Approach in Mental Health Treatment
Several aspects of the Medical model make it have shortcomings in the effective treatment of some mental health conditions (Fitzpatrick & River, 2018). For example, in the psychiatric diagnostic manuals like the DSM and ICD –V, these are not scholarly, and objective science works. Instead, these are products of culture, considering that they are usually developed through clinical consensus as well as voting. What this means is that their clinical utility and validity is questionable. At the same time, the Medical Model may have limitations in explaining the root cause of most psychiatric disorders.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Most importantly, current literature attests to the fact that besides dementia and some rare chromosomal disorders, and there are no biological causes for any psychiatric illnesses. Due to this, there are no biological tests like brain scans or blood tests that definitively be used to make confirmatory diagnostic tests to back up any psychiatric diagnosis. While many more weaknesses exist challenging the Medical Model approach to mental health, the third and last limitation explored is the myth of chemical imbalance. According to Pies (2019), Chemical imbalance is still a myth because scientists have tested the chemical imbalance theory’s validity for more than four decades with limited success.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Conclusion
Contemporary available medical model based treatments while prevalent in many parts of the world fail to comprehensively address the complex social, cultural, spiritual, and biological dimensions of mental disorders. As such, there is an urgent need to redefine the existing urgent of mental health to have an integrated mental health model that captures the strengths of the Medical Model and Social model in order to promote wellness, prevent and treat particular psychiatric disorders. In the increasing demands expectations on the 21st-century mental health patient, good clinical practice entails the practical evaluation of the individual in terms of the diagnosis and medication administered. Further research is needed in order to clear the controversy surrounding the applicability of medical model since ignoring to fortify some the models strongest evidence-based findings would mean rather a loss of treatments have been known to work as they improve patient outcomes, increase their quality of like and foster patient satisfaction(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
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References
Fitzpatrick, S. J., & River, J. (2018). Beyond the medical model: Future directions for suicide intervention services. International Journal of Health Services, 48(1), 189-203.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Hogan, A. J. (2019). Social and medical models of disability and mental health: evolution and renewal. CMAJ, 191(1), E16-E18.
Lake, J., & Turner, M. S. (2017). Urgent need for improved mental health care and a more collaborative model of care. The Permanente Journal, 21.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Pies, R. W. (2019). Debunking the two chemical imbalance myths, again. Psychiatric Times, 36(8).
Upthegrove, R., Marwaha, S., & Birchwood, M. (2017). Depression and schizophrenia: cause, consequence, or trans-diagnostic issue? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(2), 240-244.(Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Question
Different pharmaceutical medicine pills on magnetic brain resonance scan mri background. Pharmacy theme, health care, drug prescription for tumor, alzheimer, mental illness treatment (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Do you believe that some drugs can make you smarter, faster, more alert, and even invincible? These claims are commonly associated with a class of drugs known as “stimulants,” which excite the nervous system. Some stimulants you may have heard of are cocaine and methamphetamine. Even though we may think of these stimulants as drugs of abuse, there is a long history of stimulants also being used for medicinal purposes. One relevant example is the class of stimulant drugs (e.g., Ritalin) that is commonly used to treat ADHD. It may seem counter-intuitive, but these drugs are extremely effective in improving focus in children with ADHD. However, we now know that there is widespread abuse by those without ADHD, who are seeking to sharpen their focus, alertness, and cognitive performance. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Another class of drugs commonly referred to as depressants, has the opposite effect from stimulants, as they act to depress (decrease) nervous system activity. Some examples of depressants you may have heard of are barbiturates and benzodiazepines (e.g. Xanax). In this unit, we will explore how both stimulants and depressants affect the brain, body, and behaviour. Another key focus of this unit is to explore the psychotropic drugs that are used to treat mental health disorders. The development of psychotropic medications beginning in the 1950s was a revolutionary advancement in the treatment of mental health disorders and allowed us to move beyond institutionalization, lobotomies, and electric shock therapy. These game-changing drugs helped patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression to lead healthier and more productive lives in their own communities. Following this initial wave of drug development, we have seen an explosion of drug development geared towards treating depression (e.g., SSRI’s) and anxiety (e.g., Xanax). These drugs are widely prescribed, and some might argue over-prescribed, in our society today. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Pharmaceutical companies continue to work on developing improved versions of these types of drugs, presumably with increased efficacy and fewer side effects. In this unit, we will learn about psychotropic medications designed to treat mental health disorders. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Objectives:
Compare and contrast the mechanism of action and route of administration of stimulants, depressants, and inhalants. Analyze the medical model of mental health disorders. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Compare and contrast the various drugs commonly used to treat a variety of mental health disorders. Activities: Read, view, and engage with Readings and Resources. Actively participate in the Unit Discussion.
Complete and submit the Unit 3 Assignments. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
Item Readings and Resources eBook: Hart, C. L. & Ksir, C. J. (2018). Drugs, society and human behavior (17th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. (Medical Model of Mental Health and Its Impact on Treatment-Solved Essay Example)
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