Parse’s Human Becoming Theory
Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory
Introduction
Parse’s theory promotes patients’ anonymity and nurses as supportive figures. Nurses should offer choices they think would promote a patient’s health and leave them to decide what is best for themselves. The theory guides nurses on how they should delegate their duties, become part of their patients, and evolve professionally. Nurses are like care machines that respond to patients’ needs individually. The theory guides nurses’ understanding that every individual has a unique experience that molds their perspectives (Parse, 2015). Nurses can, therefore, help patients achieve their goals and facilitate independence.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
How the nurse would actualize Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming Based on this case
Parse’s theory emphasizes freedom of expression, choice, and human dignity. In this case, the nurse has the role of providing psychological support to Ben. Death is distressing, and as part of patient care, the nurse should guide Ben through that difficult moment. This is an example of End of Life care, where the nurses are supportive tools to make the last moments as comfortable as possible for the patient and the family. The theory requires nurses to respect patients’ and family preferences and last wishes (Parse, 2015). The patient is taken as individuals with personal preferences about how they want to spend their End of Life. Some of the considerations include a preferred dying place, how the patients want the nurse to control pain and symptoms, life support preferences, psychological support for patients and families, and what relieving equipment the patient would prefer.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
The nurse should consider him/herself an integral part of patient care and offer encouragement emotionally. The theory considers the biological, psychological, and spiritual elements of a person (Parse, 2015). Therefore, the nurse understands that different patients have varying needs and select or recommend an approach that suits their individuality. The End of Life is challenging for the family who has to come to terms with reality. The nurse should listen to what Ben is saying, offer encouragement, and grant their final wishes. Parse advises that nurses should do things with patients and not for patients. The nurse and the patient’s relationship should consider that the patient has control over their lives and has set goals that nurses should help in realization. Parse’s theory is vital in Hospice Nursing, guiding nurses on how they should relate to dying people and their families.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Characteristics of human becoming nurses
Human becoming involves the freedom of personal meaning selection in situations that relate to living values. Human Becoming nurses should have more compassion and courage to deal with patients who are terminally ill. Death is different for every person, and these nurses need to be comfortable, compassionate, and courageous in these uncertain moments. The nurses need to serve the patient’s individual needs and circumstances. Human Becoming nurses need flexibility in developing tailored plans that serve every patient’s unique needs. The nurses should be able to provide medically-oriented as well as emotionally based care. These services include checking critical signs, pain management, medication, and reporting complications. The nurses also need the flexibility to shift services from prolonged life to end of life care. The nurses should have the tenacity to live in the moment with the patients, respect their preferences, and apply a holistic approach to guide them through death’s grey areas. Human Becoming nurses should be conversant with the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual factors (Fawcett & Desanto-Madeya, 2012). These nurses should also be able to work in a variety of environments. (Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Parse’s theory provides a transformative approach to all nurses. It seeks to address issues and allow nurses to operate according to the patients’ perspectives. Parse pedagogy contributes to nurses’ and patient’s lives. Nurses can, therefore, guide patients towards achieving a quality life of preference. The theory shows transparent relationships between principles, practice areas, and assumptions (Parse, 2015). Parse also presents a clear distinction between nursing and other disciplines. The theory offers useful information and guidelines on nursing practice. The theory corresponds to individual, professional, and social attributes that help nurses undertake their roles as expected. The primary weakness is that Parse’s research area has no expansion room. The research methodologies involve results that are difficult to quantify. The theory is also generalized and cannot be accessed or applied in specific practice areas such as acute and emergency rooms. The theory is, particularly for novice nurses. (Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Challenges that exist for healthcare institutions
The healthcare environment is changing significantly, which creates more challenges for healthcare practitioners. Most institutions poorly accommodate patients’ needs, which arises with the ever-changing demographics, especially with the aging population. Parse’s Theory of human becoming places patients at the center and healthcare professions as support tools. The theory guides nurses to consider patients’ perspectives. Little attention to patients’ preferences is an issue in many institutions, affecting patient experience (National Academies Press, 2003). Nurses should be better prepared to promote health by offering choices for patients to choose their preferences. The theory requires nurses to be more responsive to patients’ needs to close this gap.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
There is also growing consumerism as health information is easily accessible digitally and through the press. People are more informed about their health care. As a result, more patients want to make individual decisions about their health care, diagnosis, and treatment. Patients bring in their information and perspectives. However, most of them still endure frustrations as they cannot make decisions or obtain adequate information on what they need. The theory dictates that nurses should work with patients and not for patients. This means that patients are vital integrals in the decision-making process, and nurses should consider their needs and values. The theory seeks to minimize the shortcomings in nurse-patient communication. The theory’s primary objective is to promote quality care. Most institutions do not offer consistent quality care. This is a consequence of not adhering to patients’ needs and preferences. Nurses could be more consistent in promoting quality care through guidance from this Parse’s theoretical framework (National Academies Press, 2003). The theory also informs that patient’s care is individualized, and response differs from one person to another. With such understanding, nurses can provide needed health care.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Parse’s understanding of transcendence
Transcendence is one of the practical dimensions of human becoming Theory. Transcendence involves imagining the possibilities and planning how to deal with outcomes. This dimension is going beyond the significant moment (Parse, 2015). In this case, Ben has to live without Ann, which requires adjustments and support. The nurse’s objective is to offer guidance without affecting or manipulating where patients and families want to go. The nurse should respect which path the patient and family want to follow. The transcendence paradigm would help the nurse realize that his/her behavior and words would impact Ann and Ben. Therefore, it is the nurse’s responsibility to help Ben organize his thoughts and feelings, set priorities, and make decisions to deal with the outcome. Ben and Ann were close. Ben will suffer from Ann’s death, but he has to accept the situation and move on. The nurse is an important support tool and needs to be with Ben to actualize Ann’s death. The nurse should also try hard not to pass judgment as Ben deals with Ann’s suffering and death and understand it is a critical race against time to maximize their last moments together. The theory teaches nurses how to be human.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Additional theory to apply to this case study and plan of care to include both theories
Human Caring theory affirms our respect for human dignity. The case study involves caring through intentional, authentic presence. As such, Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is also applicable in this case. The theory integrates the mind, body, and spirit and energy flow beneficial for the nurse and the patient. Nurses are responsible for putting the patient in the best position to facilitate the body and soul’s self-healing. The theory teaches that nurses should be emotionally sensitive and have a caring attitude and energy fundamental in this case study. Nurses can make a difference in how they say and do things. Nurses should be sensitive to patients’ and family emotions, thoughts, and attitudes since, according to Watson, a human can only be treated as a whole and cannot be treated as objects (Watson & Woodward, 2010). Human caring in healthcare is an interpersonal process between the nurse and the care recipient.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
The care plan seeks to ensure a peaceful death. Parse’s theory requires patients to have a right to decision making, and Watson’s Theory teaches nurses to care for humans as a whole.
| Nursing interventions | Rationale |
| Inquire about the level of anxiety and other emotional factors in the family(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) | Emotional factors such as anxiety among family members require intervention before solving the real problem. Some members are unable to respond appropriately or deal with the reality of their loved dying.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) |
| Develop a rapport and acknowledgment of this challenging situation to the family | This would help the family accept and deal with what is happening. |
| Identify patients’ behavioral and emotional factors that impact dependency.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) | The End of Life process is complicated and can cause guilt, anger, and frustrations.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) |
| Discuss the patient’s relationship with the family. | This would help identify and deal with unusual behavior and responses. |
| Determine experience and knowledge in dealing with the situation.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) | This would help in making informed decisions to deal with the outcome.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) |
| Inquire about how the patient and the family would want to spend final moments.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) | The inquiry is critical in fulfilling the patient’s wishes and making them as comfortable as possible.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory) |
Conclusion
Parse’s theory involves principles that help nurses achieve optimal care for their patients. The nurse must see through the patient’s perspective and work with the patient. Care is more than a physical presence and is being there emotionally, intellectually, and socially. The nurses should identify individual differences and co-exist with their clients. Human Becoming nurses require high compassion and sensitivity to help patients and families during the End of Life process. Parse’s theory involves human caring, which Watson’s theory advocates for. Both approaches offer personal and professional growth that helps nurses provide needed care.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
References
Fawcett, J., & Desanto-Madeya, S. (2012). Contemporary nursing knowledge: Analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories. FA Davis.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
National Academies Press (US). (2003). Chapter 2, Challenges Facing the Health System and Implications for Educational Reform.
Parse, R. R. (2015). Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s human becoming paradigm. Nursing theories and nursing practice, 263-277.(Comprehensive Essay Example on Parse Human Becoming Theory)
Watson, J., & Woodward, T. K. (2010). Jean Watson’s theory of human caring. Nursing theories and nursing practice, 3, 351-369.
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