FOCUSED SOAP NOTE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM, OTHER PSYCHOTIC, AND MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Psychotic disorders change one’s sense of reality and cause abnormal thinking and perception. Patients presenting with psychotic disorders may suffer from delusions or hallucinations or may display negative symptoms such as lack of emotion or withdraw from social situations or relationships. Symptoms of medication-induced movement disorders can be mild or lethal and can include, for example, tremors, dystonic reactions, or serotonin syndrome.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

For this Assignment, you will complete a focused SOAP note for a patient in a case study who has either a schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic, or medication-induced movement disorder. (Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

TO PREPARE

• Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
• Review the video, Case Study: Sherman Tremaine. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar.
• Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient.
• Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient.

THE ASSIGNMENT

Develop a focused SOAP note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template:

• Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life?
• Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
• Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, and list them in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TR criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.
• Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy.
• Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you were able to follow up with this patient. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
• Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old).

BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 5

Submit your Focused SOAP Note.

SUBMISSION INFORMATION

Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area. 

1. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK5Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
2. Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
3. Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.

Rubric

NRNP_6675_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

NRNP_6675_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

CriteriaRatingsPts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCreate documentation in the Focused SOAP Note Template about your assigned patient.In the Subjective section, provide: • Chief complaint• History of present illness (HPI)• Past psychiatric history• Medication trials and current medications• Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis• Pertinent substance use, family psychiatric/substance use, social, and medical history• Allergies• ROS(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

15 to >13.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

The response throughly and accurately describes the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

13 to >11.0 pts

Good 80%–89%

The response accurately describes the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

11 to >10.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

The response describes the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis but is somewhat vague or contains minor innacuracies.

10 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

The response provides an incomplete or inaccurate description of the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis. Or the subjective documentation is missing.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

15 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn the Objective section, provide:• Physical exam documentation of systems pertinent to the chief complaint, HPI, and history• Diagnostic results, including any labs, imaging, or other assessments needed to develop the differential diagnoses(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

15 to >13.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

The response thoroughly and accurately documents the patient’s physical exam for pertinent systems. Diagnostic tests and their results are thoroughly and accurately documented.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

13 to >11.0 pts

Good 80%–89%

The response accurately documents the patient’s physical exam for pertinent systems. Diagnostic tests and their results are accurately documented.

11 to >10.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

Documentation of the patient’s physical exam is somewhat vague or contains minor innacuracies. Diagnostic tests and their results are documented but contain minor innacuracies.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

10 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

The response provides incomplete or inaccurate documentation of the patient’s physical exam. Systems may have been unnecessarily reviewed. Or the objective documentation is missing.

15 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn the Assessment section, provide:• Results of the mental status examination, presented in paragraph form• At least three differentials with supporting evidence. List them from top priority to least priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

20 to >17.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

The response thoroughly and accurately documents the results of the mental status exam…. Response lists at least three distinctly different and detailed possible disorders in order of priority for a differential diagnosis of the patient in the assigned case study, and it provides a thorough, accurate, and detailed justification for each of the disorders selected.

17 to >15.0 pts

Good 80%–89%

The response accurately documents the results of the mental status exam…. Response lists at least three distinctly different and detailed possible disorders in order of priority for a differential diagnosis of the patient in the assigned case study, and it provides an accurate justification for each of the disorders selected.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

15 to >13.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

The response documents the results of the mental status exam with some vagueness or innacuracy…. Response lists at least three different possible disorders for a differential diagnosis of the patient and provides a justification for each, but may contain some vagueness or innacuracy.

13 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

The response provides an incomplete or inaccurate description of the results of the mental status exam and explanation of the differential diagnoses. Or the assessment documentation is missing.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

20 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn the Plan section, provide:• Your plan for psychotherapy• Your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies. Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. • Incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy.

25 to >22.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

The response provides an evidence-based, detailed, and appropriate plan for psychotherapy for the patient…. The response provides an evidence-based, detailed, and appropriate plan for treatment and management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters. A strong rationale for the plan is provided that demonstrates critical thinking and content understanding…. The response includes at least one evidence-based health promotion activity and one evidence-based patient education strategy.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

22 to >19.0 pts

Good 80%–89%

The response provides an evidence-based and appropriate plan for psychotherapy for the patient…. The response provides an evidence-based and appropriate plan for treatment and management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters. An adequate rationale for the plan is provided…. The response includes at least one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

19 to >17.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

The response provides a somewhat vague or inaccurate plan for psychotherapy for the patient…. The response provides a somewhat vague or inaccurate plan for treatment and management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters. The rationale for the plan is weak or general…. The response includes one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy, but it may contain some vagueness or innacuracy.

17 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

The response provides an incomplete or inaccurate plan for psychotherapy for the patient…. The response provides an incomplete or inaccurate plan for treatment and management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters. The rationale for the plan is inaccurate or missing…. The health promotion and patient education strategies are incomplete or missing.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

25 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome• Discussion include what may be done differently with this patient if student conducted the session again. Discussed the next intervention if you could follow up with this patient. The discussion was related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrated critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), social determinates of health, health promotion, and disease prevention that take into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

Reflections are thorough, thoughtful, and demonstrate critical thinking. Reflections contain a discussion of all elements described within assignment directions.

4 to >3.5 pts

Good 80%–89%

Reflections demonstrate critical thinking. Reflections contain 2 out of 3 (legal/ethical considerations, social determinate of health, health promotion) with consideration of patient factors and risk factors.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

Reflections are somewhat general or do not demonstrate critical thinking. Reflections contain 2 out of 3 (legal/ethical considerations, social determinate of health, health promotion) without consideration of patient factors and risk factors.

3 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

Reflections are incomplete, inaccurate, or missing.

5 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeProvide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old).(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

10 to >8.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

The response provides at least three current, evidence-based resources from the literature to support the assessment and diagnosis of the patient in the assigned case study. The resources reflect the latest clinical guidelines and provide strong justification for decision making.

8 to >7.0 pts

Good 80%–89%

The response provides at least three current, evidence-based resources from the literature that appropriately support the assessment and diagnosis of the patient in the assigned case study.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

7 to >6.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

Three evidence-based resources are provided to support the assessment and diagnosis of the patient in the assigned case study, but they may only provide vague or weak justification.

6 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

Two or fewer resources are provided to support the assessment and diagnosis decisions. The resources may not be current or evidence based.

10 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for parenthetical/in-text citations and reference list.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

Uses correct APA format with no errors

4 to >3.5 pts

Good 80%–89%

Contains 1-2 APA format for parenthetical/in-text citations and reference list errors

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

Contains 3-4 APA format for parenthetical/in-text citations and reference list errors

3 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

Contains five or more APA format for parenthetical/in-text citations and reference list errors

5 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and punctuation

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent 90%–100%

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors

4 to >3.5 pts

Good 80%–89%

Contains 1-2 grammar, spelling, and punctuation format errors

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair 70%–79%

Contains 3-4 grammar, spelling, and punctuation format errors

3 to >0 pts

Poor 0%–69%

Contains five or more grammar, spelling, and punctuation format errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding

5 pts

Total Points: 100

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Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students

CC (chief complaint): “Well, my sister made me come in. I was living with my mom, and she died. I was living and not bothering anyone, and those people- those people, they just won’t leave me alone.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

HPI: ST is a 55-year-old male presenting for a psychiatric appointment. He reports living and not bothering anyone, yet some ‘imaginary’ people do not want to let him be. The client reports hearing sounds and seeing people watching him for weeks and weeks. He reports not sleeping well because of the loud voice of these people. He reports that these people watch him even through the TV and believe they want to poison his food. He reports smoking all day, three packs a day. His father was rough on him until his death. He denies suicide or homicide ideation.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Past Psychiatric History:

• General Statement: This is the fourth time the client is entering treatment.
• Caregivers (if applicable): Sister
• Hospitalizations: The client has been hospitalized three times while aged 20. He denies a history of seizures or blackouts.
• Medication trials: Tried Haldol, Thorazime, and Risperdal with a bad experience. He had a good experience with Seroquel.
• Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: No previous psychiatric diagnoses were reported.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Substance Current Use and History: Reports smoking and drinking alcohol. He smokes three packs and day and last drank alcohol yesterday. He denies using marijuana, where he last used it three years ago. Denies using cocaine.

Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Father was labeled crazy, had paranoid Schizophrenia, and used alcohol. The mother had anxiety. Denies a history of suicide in the family.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Psychosocial History: He was raised by his mother and sister. He lives alone. He is a tenth-grade dropout and is presently unemployed. He denies driving under the influence or having legal issues.

Medical History:

• Current Medications: Metformin for diabetes.
• Allergies: None reported.
• Reproductive Hx: The client has never married and has no children.

ROS:

• GENERAL: No weight loss, fever, or fatigue.
• HEENT: No visual problems. No hearing loss or nasal congestion. No sore throat or difficulty swallowing.
• SKIN: No skin rashes or itching. No visible wounds, bruises, or scars.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
• RESPIRATORY: No breathing complications, chest pain, or discomfort. No cough or sputum.
• GASTROINTESTINAL: No constipation, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. No loss of appetite or abdominal pain.
• CARDIOVASCULAR: No palpitation or edema. No chest pain or discomfort.
• GENITOURINARY: No urinary discharge. No hematuria. No urinary inconsistence or frequent urination. No painful urination or urgency.
• MUSCULOSKELETAL: No muscle, joint, or back pain. No Muscle stiffness or deformity.
• HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia. No ease of bleeding or bruising.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
• NEUROLOGICAL: No tingling, numbness, or headache. No changes in bowel movement or bladder control.
• LYMPHATICS: No history of splenectomy or lymphadenopathy and no tenderness. Normal lymph nodes.
• ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No polyuria or polydipsia. No sweating, heat, or cold intolerance.

Objectives:

Physical exam: The client appears disorganized and dishelmed. The client presents rapid high movements, blinks repeatedly, and has poor oral health. The client also presents unusual movements in the extremities.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Diagnostic results: The psychiatric assessment was adequate for diagnosis.

Assessments:

Mental Status Examination: The client is well dressed for the occasion and time. The client is oriented, conversant, and cooperative. He seems disinterested in the process. The affect is restricted, and the mood is congruent with the affect. The client experiences attentional difficulties during the psychiatric evaluation. The client has visual and auditory hallucinations and reports having them for weeks. The client has a flight of ideas. The judgment and insight are poor. The memory is present. The client denies suicide or homicide ideation. The client is not at risk to himself or others.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Diagnostic Impression:

1. 90 (F20.9), Schizophrenia – The diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia include symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganization, and avolition (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2019). The onset of these symptoms affects one or more areas of functioning, including occupation, self-care, or interpersonal relations, to levels below the previous functioning. These symptoms are experienced for at least six months, with at least a month in which, toe or more of the primary symptoms are experienced. Moreover, the individual must not have experienced manic or depressive episodes during or before active-phase symptoms.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
2. 1 (F22), Delusional Disorder, Precautionary type – An experience of delusions marks a delusional disorder for at least one month, and individuals must experience two or more primary schizophrenia symptoms (APA, 2019). Individual functions and behavior are not markedly affected. Occurrences of depressive or manic episodes are brief, and disturbance is not associated with other medical conditions of substance abuse.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
3. 8 (F23), Continuous, Brief Psychotic Disorder – Brief psychotic disorder is marked by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganization, and avolition (APA, 2019). An individual must experience at least one of these symptoms, which should be either hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech and should last at least a day and not more than one month. Moreover, the disturbances are not associated with depressive or bipolar episodes, psychotic disorders, or substance abuse.

Reflections:

The primary diagnosis is Schizophrenia. The client presents symptoms that meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia disorder, including primary symptoms, impact on normal functions, and period of the symptoms experienced (Sadock et al., 2015). Individuals experience odd beliefs (Boland & Verduin, 2021). In this case, the client has visual and auditory hallucinations, as he can see people watching them during the psychiatric evaluation. He can also hear people and a piece of imaginary metal music. According to Ruiz-Castañeda et al. (2022), hallucinations and delusions are Schizophrenia’s pertinent positive symptoms. They are largely due to impaired brain circuitry, which causes difficulties in cognitive flexibility, working memory, and processing speed, as presented by the client. The client is equally deluded as is things the people watching him are sent by the government to watch him. Furthermore, the client presents pertinent negative schizophrenia symptoms such as avolition and blunted effect, characterized by limited expression and lack of motivation. This justifies why the client experiences a flight of ideas as he reports jumps between those watching through the window, the government taxes, and metal music.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

The client’s symptoms also suggest continuous brief psychotic disorder since the symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria and are experienced throughout the period. However, the diagnosis is refuted since the client reports experiencing symptoms for weeks and weeks, suggesting a more extended period than one month. Symptoms of brief psychotic disorder usually present suddenly, fluctuate, and last less than a month (Provenzani et al., 2021). Precautionary delusional disorder applies when the content of delusions involves a conspiracy against someone, being spied on, or poisoned. However, delusional disorder is refuted since the client presents one or more of the primary symptoms of Schizophrenia, and areas of function are markedly impaired.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

The ethical and legal issues when dealing with schizophrenia patients include informed consent, confidentiality, and non-maleficence. Informed consent ensures that client understands their rights, the benefits, and the risks of treatment interventions (Wheeler, 2020). However, practitioners should evaluate the client’s capacity to understand the provide informed consent considering the impact of mental health on decision-making ability (Wheeler, 2020). Equally, the client should be assured of confidentiality to promote the therapeutic alliance. Lastly, there is a need to uphold non-maleficence considering the adverse outcomes of antipsychotic medications, which are first-line treatment options for schizophrenia patients. Age-related outcomes such as polypharmacy, comorbidities, and functional status change influence drug interactions.

Health promotion among individuals diagnosed with Schizophrenia considers mitigating factors. Individuals should be encouraged to live active lives, quit smoking, monitor medication side effects, treat physical illnesses such as diabetes, and attend regular check-ups (Wheeler, 2020). Moreover, a practitioner should determine help-seeking behaviors as determined by culture. For instance, individuals from a given culture might consider hallucinations and delusions as possession by evil spirits. Such beliefs restrict help-seeking behaviors among affected individuals and their families.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

Treatment Plan

1. Pharmacotherapy – Initiate Risperdal 2 mg PO QID. Risperdal is indicated for treating Schizophrenia in adults during acute and maintenance phases. Risperdal is effective and well tolerated with minimal side effects (low anticholinergic) (Zolk et al., 2021).(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)
2. Psychotherapy – Initiate cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT improves impairments in judgment and cognition and lack of attention associated with Schizophrenia (Boland & Verduin, 2021). CBT also helps in managing primary schizophrenia symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. CBT allows individuals to gain coping skills and manage problematic behaviors and psychotic features to improve their well-being (Sharma et al., 2020).
3. Education: Discuss with the client the effects of smoking and drinking alcohol. Educate patients about their physical health and the importance of maintaining good health. Provide resources such as brochures, videos, or websites about maintaining physical and mental health.(Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template Essay for Nursing Students)

RTC: After two weeks.

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2019). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Publishing

Boland, R., & Verduin, M. (2021). Kaplan & Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. 

Sharma, S., & Halder, S. (2020). Establishing efficacy of CBT in elderly treatment-resistant chronic Schizophrenia: a case report. International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, 8(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/0802.088

Ruiz-Castañeda, P., Santiago Molina, E., Aguirre Loaiza, H., & Daza González, M. T. (2022). Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive and emotional executive functions. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 7(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00428-z

Provenzani, U., de Pablo, G. S., Arribas, M., Pillmann, F., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021). Clinical outcomes in brief psychotic episodes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30, e71. https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS2045796021000548