Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications, Herbals, and Nutrition – Solved Essay

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Write a 1200-1500 word APA formatted essay with three sources of support, addressing all of the following topics:

• Compile a list of at least 10 herbal medications you have seen patients taking in your practice. Discuss the rationale for taking each medication, possible benefits and consequences of taking it, and drugs that it may interact with. This question can be completed as a grid or an essay.

• Compile a list of at least 10 vitamins and minerals, including the rationale for taking each medication and benefits and consequences of taking it. Also list any potential complications and drug interactions. This question can be completed as a grid or an essay….

Solution

Rationale of Taking Over- the –Counter Medications, Herbals, and Nutrition

Introduction Self-medication is currently acknowledged as an essential component of self-care. Most people use, amongst other things over the counter (OTC) drugs, herbs, and nutritional supplements such as seeking complementary alternative medicine (CAM).  Defined as medication that is sold directly to the consumer without a physician’s prescription, OTCs are encouraged by some governments but only for minor illnesses (Adams, Holland & Urban, 2014). The sale of OTC contrasts with prescription medicine for which a valid healthcare practitioner’s prescription note is required for the pharmacist to sell the drug demanded by the client. The trend of using OTC is widespread in the US, and while the threat of self-medication is not significant, it raises the chances of illicit drug use. Furthermore, critics point out that the unregulated uses of OTCs suppress the underlying signs and symptoms, thus increasing the incidence of complications as a result of delayed diagnosis, resistance to drugs, and treatment failure. However, while this may be the case, proponents of their use, just like herbal medication use, nutritional supplements use, and complementary alternative medicine has benefits and consequences as well (Baars et al., 2019). Consequently, this essay examines a list of herbal medications as well as vitamins and minerals, often taken by patients. The paper outlines the rationale of taking each medication, the potential benefits and consequences of using them in addition to the drugs they might interact with. The paper also examines acupuncture as a type of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) and the use of nutritional supplements for children with sickle cell disease.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) List of 10 Herbal Medications, The Patient’s Rationale of Taking Each Benefit and Consequences (Sparnakis et al., 2019)

	Herbal medication	The rationale for its use	Benefits	Consequences	Drugs interaction(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)
1	Black cohosh	Contains triterpene glycosides	Relief gynecological problems	Increase the risk of breast cancer.	Inhibit CYP3A4 based drugs.
2	Gynura	Purported to improve microcirculation by Chinese.	Relieve pain	hepatic toxicity, weight gain(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme.
3	Aconite	Stimulates then paralyzes pain nerves.	Relieve pain caused by migraine, rheumatism	Can result in arterial or ventricular fibrillation	Interfere with heart  disease medication
4	Tetradine	Has vasodilative effect	Treats hypertension and angina	It lowers plasma glucose.	It is contraindicated in liver and kidney problems drugs.
5	Echinacea	Stimulates immune system	Prevents infections	Nausea, dizziness, dyspnea, etc.	Potentiate the hepatotoxic effects of other medications like statins
6	Hawthorn	Has positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects,	Hawthorn has been reported to control CHF as an adjunct treatment(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	Concomitant use can increase the risk of thromboxane biosynthesis.	It is contraindicated in CHF medications.
7	Ginkgo	Used to treat cardiovascular disease, impotence, and inner ear insufficiency	Believed to alleviate cognitive abilities in dementia with no scientific evidence.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	Concurrent use of ginkgo with antiplatelet and anticoagulants increases the risk of bleeding.	Decreases the effectiveness of nicardipine.
8	Grapefruit	Dietary intervention to lose weight.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	It can improve cardiovascular health.	Can result in hypotension(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	In post-menopausal women, grapefruit may increase the risk of breast cancer.
9	Garlic	Has an antimicrobial and immune –improving property.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	Lowers cholesterol and other anti atherosclerotic	Increase the risk of bleeding for patients using anticoagulants.	Should be discontinued in patients taking warfarin or aspirin.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)
10	Ginseng	Immune system stimulant enhancing vigor, longevity, and sexual potency.	Has been used to treat diabetes	Ginseng abuse can cause diarrhea, behavioral changes, and hypertension.	Interferes with digoxin assay

  10 Vitamins and Minerals, Rationale for Taking Them, Benefits, Consequences, and Possible Drug Interactions (NHS, 2017; El Hama et al., 2015)

	Vitamin or mineral	Rationale for use	Benefits	Consequences	Drug interactions
1	Water-soluble vitamins Vitamin B1 or thiamine	Needed for energy metabolism	Improves nerve function	No sufficient evidence to show the impact of high doses, i.e., above 1mg in men or o.8 mg in women.	No known drug interaction
2	Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin	Part of an enzyme needed for metabolism	Improves normal vision and skin health	The required daily requirement in men 1.3 mg and 1.1 in women	No sufficient evidence to show drug interaction
3	Vitamin B3 or  Niacin	Part of an enzyme needed for metabolism	Needed for the nervous system, skin health, and digestive system	Above daily doses of 16.5 mg in men and 13.2 mg in the woman can lead to skin flushes and liver damage.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	No sufficient evidence.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)
4	Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine	Part of an enzyme	Needed to make DNA and new cells like red blood cells	Exceeding 200mg of Vitamin B6 can cause peripheral neuropathy.	No sufficient evidence to show its effect
5	Vitamin B12(or Cobalamin	Part of an enzyme	Needed to make new cells	If not enough the individual can have vitamin B12 deficiency anemia	No sufficient evidence
6	Vitamin C( ascorbic acid)	Part of an enzyme	Antioxidant needed for  protein metabolism	Large amounts like 1000mg per day can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, and flatulence(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	No sufficient evidence.
7	Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A	The successor of beta carotene	Needed for vision, healthy skin, and bone and teeth formation.	Taking too much or above 1.5 mg per day can lead to weak bones.	Contraindicated in pregnancy
8	Vitamin D	Required for proper calcium absorption	Instrumental in strong bones	Taking more than ten micrograms a day  can cause hypercalcemia	May inhibit kidney and heart medications if in excess in the body.
9	A major mineral sodium	Required for proper fluid balance	Improves nerve transmission and muscle contraction	Exceeding the standard 2.4 g of sodium can cause  high blood pressure,  strokes and heart attacks	Contraindicated for those taking blood thinners.
10	A trace or minor mineral  iron	Part of a molecule hemoglobin	Improve oxygen transportation and immune	Doses of iron above 20 mg a day can cause constipation, vomiting and stomach pain(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)	No sufficient evidence

Acupuncture – A Type of Complementary alternative Medicine in Treatment of Hypertension In healthcare, complementary and alternative medicine is a term that describes medical products and practices that are deemed not to a part of the standard medical care. They include but are not limited to massage, tai chi, tasking green tea, and acupuncture.   I this section, the current paper explores the benefits of using acupuncture, which entails sticking fine solid needles into selected body locations called acupuncture points ) to treat hypertension. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), these needles are 32 to 36, and with 365 acupuncture points, both illness and wellness result from yin and yang imbalance. Yin describes the feminine aspect of life nourishing protective and yielding while Yang, its male counterpoint, is hard, dominant, and creative. Qi, which is the movement within these two forces, is a requirement. Zang, Shen & Wang (2014) determined that acupuncture can be an alternative treatment for a patient who is unable to tolerate anti-hypertensive agents’ side effects. Their case report involved a 56-year-old man with hypertension and anti-hypertensive drug side effects. The side effects included diarrhea, fatigue, and decreased sexual function. Due to these effects, the patient asked for acupuncture sessions where for 12 weeks, he attended the acupuncture sessions, each lasting 30 minutes 5- 6 times a week. By the end of the 12^th week, the patient no longer suffered from side effects proving the benefits of using acupuncture to prevent hypertension and avoid the use of hypertensive drugs. In their conclusion, these researchers correctly observed that based on the patient outcomes, intensive acupuncture could positively impact decreasing blood pressure, particularly if reinforced with appropriate medication and effectively succeed in eliminating anti-hypertensive drug side effects.  (Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) As you continue, premiumacademicaffiates.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)

Nutritional Supplement in the Treatment and Management of Sickle Cell Disease Have looked at how OTC, herbal medications, vitamins and minerals as well as acupuncture to represent CAM play their part in helping an individual regain their health, the last section of this paper examines how nutritional supplement of calcium-rich foods and antioxidants to contain increased erythrocyte hemolysis and long term anemia. Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs as a result of gene mutation wherein low oxygen setting the substitution of a single amino acid leads to polymerization of hemoglobin molecules making the individuals have sickle cell anemia. Boadu, Ohemeng & Renner (2018) aver that most of the SCD children in Sub Saharan Africa face experience malnutrition yet dietary intake rich in calcium. As a significant mineral, calcium is recognized for strengthening the bone for erythropoiesis, thus making it a vital nutrient to the SCD patient.  Food sources rich in calcium include daily products supplemented with leafy green vegetables. After meeting the Calcium nutrients, even the antioxidants lie Vitamins C and E were also met, and the patients’ outcomes also improved. Despite this, there is a need to conduct further research to more concrete evidence on how nutritional deficiency is a complication of SCD and therefore alleviate the pain in sickle cell anemia.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) References Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2014). Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) Baars, E. W., Zoen, E. B. V., Breitkreuz, T., Martin, D., Matthes, H., Schoen-Angerer, T. V., & Willcox, M. (2019). The contribution of complementary and alternative medicine to reduce antibiotic use: A narrative review of health concepts, prevention, and treatment strategies. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) Boadu, I., Ohemeng, A., & Renner, L. A. (2018). Dietary intakes and nutritional status of children with sickle cell disease at the Princess Marie Louise Hospital, Accra–a survey. BMC Nutrition, 4(1), 33. El Alama, H., Filali, H., Rahmoune, I., Tazi, A., & Hakkou, F. (2015). Impact of drugs on Vitamins. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(12), 1-4.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications) Spanakis, M., Sfakianakis, S., Sakkalis, V., & Spanakis, E. G. (2019). PharmActa: Empowering patients to avoid clinical significant drug-herb interactions. Medicines, 6(1), 26. Zhang, L., Shen, P., & Wang, S. (2014). Acupuncture treatment for hypertension: a case study. Acupuncture in Medicine, 32(1), 73-76.

Question – Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications

Write a 1200-1500 word APA formatted essay with three sources of support, addressing all of the following topics:

• Compile a list of at least 10 herbal medications you have seen patients taking in your practice. Discuss the rationale for taking each medication, possible benefits and consequences of taking it, and drugs that it may interact with. This question can be completed as a grid or an essay.
• Compile a list of at least 10 vitamins and minerals, including the rationale for taking each medication and benefits and consequences of taking it. Also list any potential complications and drug interactions. This question can be completed as a grid or an essay.(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)
• Choose one type of complementary or alternative (CAM) therapy and discuss its benefits in preventing and treating disease. Discuss how the use of this CAM therapy can reduce the need for medications. Research this therapy on ProQuest or another scholarly database.  What does the research demonstrate regarding its efficacy?
• Choose one nutritional supplement you see commonly prescribed or recommended by medical professionals in your practice.  Discuss the reasons why this supplement is recommended and its method of action. What concerns should you have regarding a patient taking this supplement? Could the patient overdose and if so what are the consequences and treatment?(Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)

Please use 3 additional sources in addition to the textbook Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2014). Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. (Rationale of Taking Over the Counter Medications)

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