Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in your project?

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Sample Question

Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in your project?

Sample Answer – Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance

For successful implementation of evidence based practice, understanding and interpretation of the research is essential. For this reason, it is important to understand the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance. Statistically significant result implies a relationship or a difference between the variables that was not solely caused by normal variation or chance.  In this regard, statistical significance as a parameter in evidence based practice shows the extent or the likelihood that finding from research is true and does not occur by a chance (Heavey, 2015).(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

The probability value (p value) is used to show the chance of the randomness of a particular result occurring but not the actual variance between the variables under question.  In research analysis, results are statistically significant when the probability value generated during the analysis is less that the certainty level needed by a researcher. In research studies including evidence based practice, researchers normally set probability values at 0.05, which imply a chance of 5% that the result was not caused by a probability and a 95% certainty that there exist an actual relationship between the variables analyzed in the study (Heavey, 2015). (Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

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Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance
Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance

Clinical significance is essentially a subjective interpretation of research findings as meaningful for patient under care, and therefore likely to influence the behavior of healthcare provider (Heavey, 2015). A clinically significant result occurs when medical experts believe that the finding is considerable enough to be medically crucial and hence be applied as a guide in provision of care to patients.(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

In evidence based research practice, statistical significance must always be determined before determination of clinical significance. However, clinical significance is usually a subjective evaluation and cannot be established by a single experiential test.  I can use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in my project outcome by ensuring that the result is statistically significant. This is due to the fact that majority of statistically significant findings are normally have clinical significance.(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

References

Heavey, E.(2015). Differentiating statistical significance and clinical significance.  American Nurse Today, 10(5): 26-28. Available from https://www.brockport.edu/daily_eagle/doc/2015-04/item_8038_7659.pdf

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(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

FAQs

What is an example of statistically significant and clinically significant?

An example of a result with statistical significance but limited clinical relevance could involve a study discovering a minor and improbable change in a specific medical parameter among two groups of patients. Although statistical analysis may deem this change as significant, its small impact may not hold any practical significance for patient well-being.(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

Conversely, a result with clinical significance but without statistical significance might arise when a new medical treatment demonstrates a noticeable and substantial improvement in a patient’s condition. However, due to a small sample size in the study, it may fail to meet the rigorous statistical criteria often required for scientific validity.

Researchers aspire to achieve both statistical and clinical significance to ensure their findings possess not only strong statistical backing but also real-world implications and advantages for patients or the broader population.(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

What is clinical significance and statistical significance in program evaluation?

Statistical significance and clinical significance serve distinct roles in program evaluation.

Statistical significance pertains to the probability that study outcomes arise from random variation, as assessed through statistical analyses. It assists researchers in gauging the authenticity of observed differences or relationships in their data, indicating whether they are likely due to random chance. This statistical significance is typically conveyed through p-values, where values below a predefined threshold, such as 0.05, suggest statistical significance.(Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance)

Conversely, clinical significance delves into the practical or real-world importance of these findings. It takes into account whether the observed effects or outcomes bear relevance to the program being evaluated or to the individuals involved. Clinical significance considers various factors, including the scale of the effect, its alignment with the program’s objectives, and its potential influence on decision-making or practice.

To summarize, statistical significance assesses the likelihood of results being attributable to chance, whereas clinical significance evaluates the practical importance or pertinence of these results within the program or context under examination. Both facets are vital in program evaluation to ensure that findings exhibit not just statistical robustness but also meaningful relevance for decision-makers.

What does clinical significance indicate?

Clinical significance pertains to the real-world importance of a discovery or impact within the realm of healthcare or medicine, moving beyond statistical relevance. It encompasses the assessment of whether a result or intervention holds practical value in enhancing a patient’s health or overall state of being. In the sphere of clinical research and application, the evaluation of clinical significance guides healthcare experts and researchers in making well-informed choices concerning treatment options, interventions, or diagnostic assessments. It takes into consideration aspects like the extent of the influence, potential advantages and disadvantages, and whether the observed alteration has meaningful implications in everyday medical scenarios.

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