CONTROVERSY ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONALITY AND PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Paraphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
TO PREPARE
- Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.
- Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the DSM-5-TR to use for this Assignment.
- Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
THE ASSIGNMENT
In 2–3 pages:
- Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.
- Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.
- Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.
- Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 7
Submit your Assignment.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
- To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK7Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
- Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
- Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
Rubric
NRNP_6675_Week7_Assignment_Rubric
NRNP_6675_Week7_Assignment_Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn 2–3 pages, address the following: • Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected personality or paraphilic disorder.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
15 to >13.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
The response includes an accurate and concise explanation of the controversy within the field related to the disorder.
13 to >11.0 pts
Good 80%–89%
The response includes an accurate explanation of the controversy within the field related to the disorder.
11 to >10.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
The response includes a somewhat vague or inaccurate explanation of the controversy within the field related to the disorder.
10 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the controversy within the field related to the disorder. Or the response is missing.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome• Explain your professional beliefs about your selected disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
25 to >22.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
The response includes a thorough and well-organized explanation of the student’s professional beliefs about the disorder. Rationale demonstrates critical thinking and is strongly supported with three scholarly references.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
22 to >19.0 pts
Good 80%–89%
The response includes a well-organized explanation of the student’s professional beliefs about the disorder. Rationale is clear and appropriately supported with three scholarly references.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
19 to >17.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
The response includes a somewhat vague explanation of the student’s professional beliefs about the disorder. Rationale is somewhat unclear and references either provide weak support for the rationale or are not scholarly/current.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
17 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
The response includes a vague explanation of the student’s professional beliefs about the disorder. Rationale is unclear and references are inappropriate. Or the response is missing.
25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome• Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a client that may present with the disorder.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
30 to >26.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
The response includes an accurate and concise explanation of strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a client that may present with the disorder.
26 to >23.0 pts
Good 80%–89%
The response includes an accurate explanation of strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a client that may present with the disorder.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
23 to >20.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
The response includes a somewhat vague or incomplete explanation of strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a client that may present with the disorder.
20 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a client that may present with the disorder. Or the response is missing.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome• Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to the disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.
15 to >13.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
The response includes an accurate and concise explanation of ethical and legal considerations related to the disorder that are important to clinical practice and why they are important.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
13 to >11.0 pts
Good 80%–89%
The response includes an accurate explanation of ethical and legal considerations related to the disorder that are important to clinical practice and why they are important.
11 to >10.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
The response includes a somewhat vague or incomplete explanation of ethical and legal considerations related to the disorder that are important to clinical practice and why they are important.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
10 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
The response includes a vague and inaccurate explanation of ethical and legal considerations related to the disorder that are important to clinical practice and why they are important. Or, response is missing.
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity…. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.
4 to >3.5 pts
Good 80%–89%
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time…. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet they are brief and not descriptive.
3.5 to >3.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time…. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
3 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time…. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors
4 to >3.5 pts
Good 80%–89%
Contains 1-2 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
3.5 to >3.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
Contains 3-4 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
3 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
Contains five or more grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent 90%–100%
Uses correct APA format with no errors
4 to >3.5 pts
Good 80%–89%
Contains 1-2 APA format errors
3.5 to >3.0 pts
Fair 70%–79%
Contains 3-4 APA format errors
3 to >0 pts
Poor 0%–69%
Contains five or more APA format errors
5 pts
Total Points: 100
Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis
There are numerous controversies associated with personality and paraphilic disorders. Most personality and paraphilic are malleable across diverse cultures, challenging mental healthcare providers in defining, diagnosing, and managing these disorders. Complications of personality and paraphilia can lead to severe health and societal problems. The disorders increase the risks of self-harm and others in society and can lead to imprisonment for crimes. Therefore, mental health providers should identify the controversies associated with the disorders to improve diagnosis and treatment. This paper will describe borderline personality disorder, potential controversies, professional beliefs, strategies for maintaining therapeutic relationships with patients, and ethical and legal considerations for the disorder.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Controversies
Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) present fear of being alone, feelings of loneliness, emptiness, unpredictable outbursts of range, self-injurious/suicidal behavior, and severe instability. The conception of BPD has been controversial owing to the stigma linked with mental health practitioners’ diagnosis and therapeutic nihilism in managing highly prevalent patients with this mental illness (Campbell et al., 2020). There has been a long debate on whether BPD is understood as dimensional rather than categorical.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
While the debate extends to most psychiatric conditions, there is a rich tradition regarding personality traits as dimensional. The exact etiology of BPD remains unknown, although it has been linked with child trauma, invalidating environments, and temperament. Additionally, there is a controversy on the differentiation of BPD with other mental health conditions. Recent research developments have led to controversies since the assessable BPD variables remain unclear. Determining the severity and grade for most personality disorders has also been unclear, making management challenging without grading tools.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Professional Beliefs
Inadequate assessment and evaluation of patients’ symptoms render BPD management almost impossible. The disorder leads to a poor self-image and low self-esteem, affecting the patients’ interaction with others and behavior (Pohl et al., 2021). As a result, the patients encounter challenges maintaining positive relationships with others and have poor social interaction. Patients with BPD are also highly opinionated, leading to drastic changes in how they perceive others (Ratcliffe & Bortolan, 2020). As such, the patients’ opinions are likely to affect interpersonal relationships, hindering them from maintaining positive relationships. Stigmatization also elicits poor outcomes among BPD patients. Importantly, familial, functional, and structural brain, social, cultural, and environmental factors are instrumental in evaluating and managing patients with BPD. Therefore, mental health practitioners should conduct comprehensive patient assessments to devise appropriate interventions that meet patients’ needs. Health professionals should also research to obtain evidence-based information to provide the best available practices and promote interprofessional collaboration for effective BPD management (Gryesten et al., 2021).(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Strategies for Maintaining Therapeutic Relationships
Comprehensive patient assessment aids in maintaining a therapeutic relationship with BPD patients. Health professionals should ensure they obtain as much information as possible during their first patient encounter. As such, the healthcare provider fully understands patients’ problems and needs to devise a diagnosis and intervention plan. The practitioners also create good rapport to foster effective communication that improves patient care. Secondly, interprofessional collaboration is instrumental in maintaining therapeutic relationships with BPD patients. Health and social care providers such as mental health nurses, social health workers, and practitioners collaborate with patients and their families/caregivers to address diverse patients’ needs. Interprofessional collaboration maintains therapeutic and positive relationships between patients and healthcare professionals by respecting patients’ values, beliefs, or preferences (Gryesten et al., 2021). Additionally, practitioners should be empathetic while handling patients. They should use open-ended questions to allow patients to express their problems fully. Mental health practitioners should also take immediate corrective actions against patients with self-harm or suicidal idealizations while showing social support to promote patients’ health and well-being.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Ethical and Legal Considerations
Ethical clinical decision-making concerning psychiatric diagnosis challenges mental practitioners for several reasons. For instance, patients with BPD may present with suicidal thoughts and behaviors that inform mandatory hospitalization, one of the dilemmas for practitioners. BPD patients also have high-unmet needs from inadequate treatment and access to services. However, people with BPD and other mental health professionals should receive legal health services without discrimination. Subsequently, ethical considerations such as non-discrimination and patient care without judgment should be prioritized (Stavert & McKay, 2020). Mental practitioners should also uphold patient autonomy and informed consent during interventions. The patients should also be informed about their interventions, benefits, and risks, while their personal information remains confidential. The ethical and legal considerations ensure that patients receive quality care services and that their rights and privileges are protected while making mental health services accessible to promote healthier communities.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
Conclusion
Controversies associated with mental health disorders continue to affect diagnosis and effective management. Personality and paraphilic disorders are commonly challenging for mental health practitioners. For instance, the lack of clear assessable variables has made the diagnosis of BPD challenging. However, comprehensive patient assessment and EBP implementation will improve BPD diagnosis and management. Maintaining therapeutic relationships with patients through effective communication and observing ethical and legal considerations while diagnosing and managing BPD patients is vital for improved outcomes.(Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders Comprehensive Essay Analysis)
References
Campbell, K., Clarke, K. A., Massey, D., & Lakeman, R. (2020). Borderline Personality Disorder: To diagnose or not to diagnose? That is the question. International Journal of mental health nursing, 29(5), 972-981. doi: 10.1111/inm.12737
Gryesten, J. R., Brodersen, K. J., Lindberg, L. G., Carlsson, J., & Poulsen, S. (2021). Interpreter-mediated psychotherapy–a qualitative analysis of the interprofessional collaboration between psychologists and interpreters. Current Psychology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01345-y
Pohl, S., Steuwe, C., Mainz, V., Driessen, M., & Beblo, T. (2021). Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Exploring the buffering role of self‐compassion and self‐esteem. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(3), 837-845. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jclp.23070
Ratcliffe, M., & Bortolan, A. (2020). Emotion Regulation in a Disordered World. Time and Body: Phenomenological and psychopathological approaches, 177. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108776660.015
Stavert, J., & McKay, C. (2020). Scottish mental health and capacity law: The normal, pandemic and ‘new normal.’ International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71, 101593. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305488/
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