Please respond to these 2 discussion posts separately with reference for each of them
Discussion post 1
Top of Form
In any setting where mental healthcare is provided, a psychiatric interview is an essential component of the diagnostic process. The psychiatric interview’s objectives are to facilitate the development of a rapport with the client, the gathering of information about the client’s problems, the comprehension of the client’s charisma, and the diagnosis of the patient’s mental health problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2015). The Psychiatric Interview needs to strike a balance between empathy and asking pertinent questions, all while maintaining diagnostic criteria for possible psychiatric disorders. The psychometric qualities of the rating scale that is provided, as well as the optimal time to use the rating scale with patients during the psychiatric interview, are the three most important aspects of the psychiatric interview. The usefulness of the scale for a practitioner in conducting mental analyses assists as guidelines to help come to appropriate analysis and intervention.
Sadock et al.,2017 state that a psychiatric interview is comprised of several different components. Nevertheless, the three most important components are as follows:
1) Presenting complaints: obtaining medical attention is the second most important aspect of the principal complaints section of the psychiatric examination. The most common type of complaint is the assertion that a customer should be given medical attention. The exact words of the patient are typically used when documenting.
2). Previous mental history (both medical history and family history) – It is important to know the patient’s and their family’s past psychiatric histories because the disorder may run in the family and be the result of an illness that has been passed down through generations of the family.
3). Review of body systems: This is a review of the client’s body systems to identify signs and symptoms.
The utilization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a means of conducting an assessment.
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which is a screening tool for depression, can be administered to patients who are twelve years old or older. Patients younger than twelve are not eligible (Maurer et al., 2018). It is generally advised that the patient complete the PHQ-9 questionnaire on their own time. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a tool that consists of nine questions and is used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms. Clinicians from the psychiatric community have validated PHQ-9 as a screening, diagnostic, and monitoring tool for depression. PHQ-9 can also help in the treatment of depression. Assessment tools, such as the PHQ-9, assist clinicians in accurately identifying and diagnosing disorders in a timely manner, which is especially important for patients who have other comorbidities, such as PTSD, ADHD, and Psychotics disorder. Wortmann et al. (2016) carried out a psychometric analysis, which showed that this was the case.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2015). The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for
the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults. Published.
Maurer, D. M., Raymond, T. J., & Davis, B. N. (2018). Depression: Screening and diagnosis. American
family physician, 98(8), 508–515.
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2017). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.).
Wolters Kluwer.
Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., Foa, E. B., Young-McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Hembree, E. A., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., & Litz, B. T. (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000260
Bottom of Form
Discussion post 2 please respond with reference
Top of Form
The patient interview process is essential to the treatment plan. The three important components of the psychiatric interview are vital data collection, the relationship between patient and provider, and diagnosis and formulation of a plan. Interviewing is of central importance in medicine and psychiatry; it is a core skill in all disciplines of medical practice, but it is the core skill in clinical psychiatry, as it is the only method for accurately diagnosing psychiatric illnesses (Dreimüller et al., 2019).
Collecting a thorough medical, family, and social history is important for assessment. The psychiatric interview is like the general medical interview in that both include the patient’s chief complaint, history of the presenting complaint, history as well as social and family history (Dreimüller et al., 2019). The provider needs to build a relationship with the patient. Effective communication is crucial in the interview process. Clinician–patient communication is important in psychiatry because social interaction with the patient is the clinician’s primary means for understanding, evaluating, and eventually diagnosing the patient’s mental suffering (Savander et al., 2021). Communicative practices in psychiatry have been taken up in studies on shared decision-making, mutual understanding, and patients’ expectations. Reflecting on the interview and the data collected helps the provider give a correct diagnosis.
The mental status tool is an important assessment tool. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief screening tool that provides a quantitative assessment of memory and cognitive impairment and records cognitive changes over time (Wei et al., 2022). MMSE was composed of five testing categories of orientation, memory registration, memory recall, calculation and attention, and language. The orientation tests included graded questions to orientation to time and place and accounted for 10 points. The memory registration asked the subjects to remember three unrelated items, and then the memory recall asked them to repeat the items later. Then, the serial calculation was tested for degree of attention by subtraction 7 from 100 with five repeats. Finally, the language tasks included naming, repeating, following 3-stage orders, reading, writing, and copying design. Its total score ranged from 0 (worst) to 30 (best) points. MMSE scores less than 9 indicate severe impairment, while scores between 10 and 20 indicate moderate dementia. The MMSE helps the provider determine whether there is a possibility that the patient has Alzheimer’s or dementia.
Reference
Dreimüller, N., Schenkel, S., Stoll, M., Koch, C., Lieb, K., & Juenger, J. (2019). Development of a checklist for evaluating psychiatric reports. BMC Medical Education, 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1559-1
Savander, E., Hintikka, J., Wuolio, M., & Peräkylä, A. (2021). The Patients’ Practises Disclosing Subjective Experiences in the Psychiatric Intake Interview. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.605760
Wei, Y., Chen, C., Lin, C., Chen, P., Hsu, P., & Lin, C. et al. (2022). Normative Data of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan. Dementia And Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 1-12. doi: 10.1159/000525615
Bottom of Form