The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example
Statement of Culture and Social Orientation in the Case Study
Culture and social orientation describe people’s directions and preferences derived from the individual’s surrounding society. Cultural and social orientation affect behavior and interpretations in cross-cultural interactions. Cultural and social orientations are not well elaborated or presented in the case study. The case study does not mention Gary’s or Jettison’s cultures or social orientations. Power-distance is a cultural orientation that can be identified in the case study, although not well articulated. In this case, other students besides Jettison came out to express their experiences of sexual harassment. It is an indication of power distance, where the less powerful or vulnerable members of society, including students, accept and expect inequality (Wilby e al., 2017)(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example) . The students have less voice compared to the teachers, and most did not come out to tell their experiences before because they are less powerful until Jettison used media sources to share her ordeal and encouraged other students to do the same. Students tend to give teachers, who are people of authority, great deference.(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
Statement of Multiple Relationship Issues in the Study
The selected case study, Case 9-50, involves an affair between Gary Goferit, Ph.D., and Paula Jettison. Jettison filed charges against Goferit, accusing him of sexual harassment and exploitation. The central ethical conflict in the case study is sexual harassment and professional boundaries violations. It is unethical for professional psychologists to get involved sexually with their clients. Romantic involvement between a professional and a client or student is an abuse of power. An educator and the student or client have conflicting interests that can lead to fallout, as seen in the Jettison case. Otherwise, most cases go unreported, especially when the relationship is mutually beneficial. Sexual involvement with clients has significant consequences on the professional’s and client’s sides(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example) . Sexual relationships with current therapy clients can considerably impact professional work and lead to a loss of objectivity. The therapist and the client can experience ambivalence, emotional liability, emptiness and isolation, cognitive dysfunction, loss of trust, guilt, increased suicidal ideation, boundary confusion, role reversal, suppressed anger, and sexual confusion. Some of these effects, particularly suppressed anger and loss of objectivity, are manifested in Jettison’s case.(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
The Ethical Decision-Making Model (Eight-Step)
The eight-step decision-making model helps make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions utilizing evidence-based approaches to define alternatives and select the most satisfying one. Its steps are(1) identify the problem; (2) identify decision criteria; (3) weight the criteria; (4) develop alternatives; (5) analyze alternatives; (6) select alternatives; (7) implement alternative; and (8) evaluate decision effectiveness (Saylor.org, 2020)(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example) . In the first step, the facilitator will identify the problem that needs addressing. In this case, the problem is sexual harassment and exploitation. The second step is developing a decision criterion, which refers to the principles, values, variables, rules, and conditions the facilitator of the case will use to select options or make decisions. The facilitator will collect information from the victim’s and offenders’ sides regarding their needs, expectations, and how they would like the process to proceed. The facilitator will weigh the criteria, evaluate them by importance and relevance and identify their value in helping make appropriate and meaningful decisions to address the issue. (The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
After problem identification, the facilitator will identify alternative actions to address the problem. In this case, various solutions to addressing the issue are selected. Options can include continuing with the charges for court action or restorative justice. The facilitator will analyze alternatives by comparing their operational effectiveness, cost, risks, gaps, and shortfalls. The analysis will help select the best alternative to address the identified problem (Saylor.org, 2020). The facilitator will use the solution selected to address the issue and assess whether it resolves the issue with the intended effectiveness. For instance, if restorative justice is the most viable option, the facilitator will arrange a face-to-face meeting between Gary Goferit, Ph.D., and Paula Jettison to discuss the issue and try to find a common understanding. If not effective, the process might start all over again, or they might decide to select the second best alternative.(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
An Alternative Decision-Making Model
The restorative justice model is an alternative to the eight-step ethical decision-making model and can be applied to resolve the sexual harassment issue identified in this case study. This model involves a process where victims meet offenders face to face in the aftermath of the crime. It attempts to repair harm by providing this meeting opportunity to address the needs of those who are harmed and those taking responsibility for their crimes (Long et al., 2022). The model is founded on the understanding that crimes violate other people and relationships and seeks to establish respect, compassion, inclusivity, meaningful engagement, and accountability, providing a space to heal, repair, and reintegrate.(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
The facilitator will ask Gary and Jettison whether they want to use restorative justice to address the sexual harassment issue. If they decide they want restorative justice, the facilitator will select a restorative practitioner who engages with the victim to talk about how the incident impacted their life, what their feelings are, and how they want the case to progress. (The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example) This meeting can provide further consent to arrange a meeting with the offender. The facilitator will prepare both parties for a meeting in terms of what they want to say to one another and how they intend to share their feelings about the incident. A full preparation prompts the facilitator to arrange a meeting between both sides with a supporter of both present. It can be either family members, friends, or a social worker. The facilitator will allow them to ask questions and engage in a dialogue that is desired to produce an outcome agreement. A follow-up will be arranged where both parties will tell how they feel and check whether both parties benefited from the process and any concerns. (The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
References
Long, R., Cleveland Manchanda, E. C., Dekker, A. M., Kraynov, L., Willson, S., Flores, P., Samuels, E. A., & Rhodes, K. (2022). “Community engagement via restorative justice to build equity-oriented crisis standards of care”. Journal of the National Medical Association, S0027-9684(22)00046-3. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2022.02.010(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
Saylor.org. (2020). BUS208: Principles of management. https://learn.saylor.org/mod/book/view.php?id=29413&chapterid=4950(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
Wilby, K. J., Govaerts, M. J., Austin, Z., & Dolmans, D. H. (2017). Exploring the influence of cultural orientations on assessment of communication behaviours during patient-practitioner interactions. BMC medical education, 17(1), 1-10.(The Ethical Decision-Making Process Assignment Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)
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