Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)
• For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
• In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
• Use APA format and include a title page.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

The advent of technology in healthcare has contributed significantly to improving healthcare efficiencies and patient outcomes. Significantly, adopting and applying technology in healthcare is only possible after comprehensive and evidence-based research to ensure the new clinical systems positively impact clinical processes and outcomes. Evaluating existing literature allows healthcare leaders and nurse informaticists to recommend and adopt the appropriate clinical system. The paper provides an annotated bibliography of recent research on implementing clinical systems and their impacts on efficiencies and improved outcomes.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

                                                       Annotated Bibliography      

Salleh, M. I. M., Abdullah, R., & Zakaria, N. (2021). Evaluating the effects of electronic health records system adoption on the performance of Malaysian health care providers. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12911-021-01447-4

            Selleh et al. (2021) evaluated the impact of electronic health records (EHR) on the performance of healthcare providers. The researchers used convenience sampling to collect data from three hospitals over seven months. The researchers further administered a standardized survey on EHR effectiveness to primary healthcare providers, including nurses, medical offices, and other healthcare specialists. The researchers found that the EHR improved workflows and clinical tasks, increasing system quality and user performance. The findings suggest that EHR can systematically and efficiently generate data for disease and population health analysis. Therefore, EHR is an ideal clinical system that provides an ideal platform to systematically and effectively collect data crucial for population health and disease trend analysis.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Shimizu, T., Nemoto, T., & Tokuda, Y. (2018). Effectiveness of a clinical knowledge support system for reducing diagnostic errors in outpatient care in Japan: a retrospective study. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 109, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.09.010

            Shimizu et al. (2018) sought to determine the efficiency of a clinical knowledge support system in reducing diagnostic errors in an outpatient centre in Japan. The study aimed to evaluate Up-To-Date’s efficacy in reducing diagnostic errors. Up-To-Date is a computer-based clinical knowledge management system developed to prevent and reduce diagnostic errors in clinical settings. The researchers argued that the existing evidence supported using computer-based systems to prevent and reduce errors in clinical settings. Shimizu and colleagues adopted a retrospective approach to research and recruited 100 patients visiting an outpatient facility in a community-based hospital. The study was carried out between 2014 and 2015. Half of the participants (n=50) were attended to by physicians supported by the Up-To-Date software, and the other half (n=50) were attended to by physicians not supported by the Up-To-Date system. Data were collected on the patient’s diagnosis, gender, age, and case difficulty related to poor diagnostic outcomes. The researchers employed logistic regression analysis to evaluate the simultaneous impact of patient factors associated with diagnostic error. The rate of diagnostic error for the treatment group was 2%, while the rate for the control group was 24%. The researchers concluded that intervention by the Up-To-Date system reduces diagnostic error rates. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the Up-To-Date system in preventing and reducing diagnostic errors in a clinical setting.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Srivastava, A., Do, J. M., Sales, V. L., Ly, S., & Joseph, J. (2019). Impact of patient-centred home telehealth programme on outcomes in heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 25(7), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775852

            Srivastava et al. (2019) evaluated the impact of a client-centred telehealth programme on heart failure outcomes in terms of costs. The study aimed to evaluate if heart failure monitoring can decrease hospital stays, length of stays, and readmission rates among patients diagnosed with heart failure at a Veterans Affairs facility. The researchers adopted a retrospective approach to analyze the impact of the telehealth programme on heart failure patients. The participants had completed a one-year follow-up based on telehealth monitoring as part of standard clinical procedures. The researchers compared participants who had completed a one-year telehealth follow-up and those who had not completed a telehealth follow-up. Total hospital days, readmissions, urgent care needs, length of stay, emergency room, and primary care visits. The study outcomes revealed that the telehealth program is associated with a significant reduction in total hospital stays compared to individuals who were not enrolled in the telehealth monitoring program. The findings also showed significantly lower admission rates and length of stay among individuals registered in the telehealth monitoring programme. However, emergency room visits, urgent care needs, or primary care visits were not significantly different compared to the previous year when the participants had not enrolled in the telehealth program. These findings suggest that a patient-centred and personalized telehealth monitoring program for individuals diagnosed with heart failure successfully minimizes adverse outcomes with minimal urgent care and outpatient visits.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Zhong, X., Liang, M., Sanchez, R., Yu, M., Budd, P. R., Sprague, J. L., & Dewar, M. A. (2018). On the effect of an electronic patient portal on primary care utilization and appointment adherence. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 18(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0669-8(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

            Zhong et al. (2018) investigated the impact of adopting a patient portal on appointment adherence and utilization of primary care by patients. The observational study was based on the panel difference-in-difference framework. The framework was adopted to help evaluate the patient’s use of primary care services irrespective of disease burden. The researcher evaluated the impact of patients’ patient portal use on measures such as no show, cancellation of visits to primary care physicians, and disease burden. Following the adoption of an electronic patient portal, the visits to the primary care physicians and no-show rates were reduced, while quarterly cancellations rates were not affected. These findings suggest that adopting electronic patient portals improved the care engagement of patients.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Conclusion

The selected papers highlight the effectiveness of different clinical systems in improving patient outcomes and clinical efficiencies. These primary findings provide data relating to system users and service recipients. Salleh et al.’s (2021) findings demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic health records in improving workflows and clinical works in a clinical setting. The outcomes from the study are evidence-based and provide crucial information for adopting an EHR system to improve system quality and user performance.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Zhong et al.’s (2018) findings provide evidence of the impact of an electronic patient portal on reduced visits to primary care physicians and no-show rates. These findings support the adoption of an electronic health portal to improve patient engagement in clinical care. Srivastava et al.’s (2019) findings provide crucial evidence of telehealth programs’ efficacy in managing heart failure. The findings established the impact of telehealth programs in the reduction of hospital stays, lower admission rates, and length of stay among heart failure. However, no significant outcomes were associated with the telehealth program on emergency room visits, urgent care needs, or primary care visits. These findings demonstrate the significance of a patient-centred and personalized telehealth monitoring program for individuals diagnosed with heart failure. Shimizu et al.’s (2018) findings provided crucial evidence for the importance of a clinical decision support system, Up-To-Date, in preventing and reducing diagnostic errors in clinical settings. These findings are crucial in the adoption and implementation of clinical systems.(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

References

Salleh, M. I. M., Abdullah, R., & Zakaria, N. (2021). Evaluating the effects of electronic health records system adoption on the performance of Malaysian health care providers. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12911-021-01447-4(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Shimizu, T., Nemoto, T., & Tokuda, Y. (2018). Effectiveness of a clinical knowledge support system for reducing diagnostic errors in outpatient care in Japan: a retrospective study. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 109, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.09.010(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Srivastava, A., Do, J. M., Sales, V. L., Ly, S., & Joseph, J. (2019). Impact of patient-centred home telehealth programme on outcomes in heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 25(7), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775852(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)

Zhong, X., Liang, M., Sanchez, R., Yu, M., Budd, P. R., Sprague, J. L., & Dewar, M. A. (2018). On the effect of an electronic patient portal on primary care utilization and appointment adherence. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 18(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0669-8(Comprehensive Essay on The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies)