This article provides a Quantitative Research Critique Sample.

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Quantitative Research Critique Sample

Quantitative Research Critique Sample

Research Problem/Hypothesis

           In their article, Burnout and Resilience among Nurses Practicing in High-Intensity Settings, Rushton, Batcheller, Schroeder, and Donohue (2015), delve into understanding how moral distress can be eliminated in nurses as it adversely affects their productivity, efficiency, and reputation in various ways simultaneously. The purpose of the study is to identify possible ways of supporting healthier work environments and developing a two-phase project that shall advance resilience, reduce turnover for nurses, and improve their retention towards moral distress. The authors in this study did not explicitly highlight the research questions for the research; nonetheless, a closer examination of it results in the following questions:(Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

  1. How can burnout be defied from a nurse’s perspective, and how does it connect to moral distress in nursing?
  2. What are some of the impacts of burnout and resilience to nurses?

            Markedly, the study does not include clearly defined use of theories or concepts; however, various concepts can be crafted from the article following the themes used. First, according to the authors, the occurrence of moral distress is when an individual is fully conscious of a moral encounter, recognizes moral accountability, and submits a moral judgment on the right action; but, still, because of imaginable or factual constraints, decides to take part in moral wrongdoing. Nonetheless, resilience, cultivated through coping, hope, and self-efficacy, helps individuals mitigate moral distress and burnout. (Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

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Review of Literature

           Houser (2018) insists that literature review in any study is critical towards gaining a comprehensive knowledge of the study’s background. However, in this study, the researchers have not highlighted a section for their literature review, even though, in the introduction, the study incorporates various studies in arguing out the concepts that frame this research. The literature used is seminal and primary literature and contains information relevant to the research question and its topic. Even though the sources are supportive theoretically, they still do not provide answers to the research question(s) of the study and give room for the present research to delve into finding how moral distress in nursing can be solved by improving nurses’ resilience. (Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

Research Design

           The research design chosen by the authors was a quantitative research design where quasi-experimental research was incorporated. As such, the study involved a cross-sectional survey design that delved into investigating highly-stressed nurses’ experiences. This type of research design was perfectly fit for this study since the results needed statistical collection and data analysis to be valuable. Additionally, following Houser’s (2018) affirmations, qualitative analysis is essential in analyzing the relationship between two variables and the effects imposed by one on another. Furthermore, this weighs heavily on the nature of the research questions in place as present in this study. (Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

Sampling

           Sampling for this study was done systematically, where participants chosen for the study came only from the high-stress nursing cohorts. Participants invited to participate in the study came from four hospitals, which represented six highs-stress units all of the same system. The units included two neonatal, two from adult critical care, and two from oncology. The researchers matched the units to match patient acuity, patient characteristics, among many other characteristics, such as staffing ratios and turnover. Only 114 participants agreed to take part in the study from the eligible 180 participants. The data was collected through the internet, where participants filled six survey tools and a socio-demographic datasheet – a process that lasted for at least thirty minutes for each participant. (Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

Ethical Consideration

           Ethical consideration guides a researcher in how they should conduct the study (Houser, 2018). In nursing research, too, these directives work similarly to those in other disciplines by guiding the researcher’s integrity even though the decision to implement is personal. Nonetheless, violation of the restriction and principles that come with these ethical considerations could lead to penalties. This is done to ensure studies are done in the most appropriate ways possible and eliminate possible harassments and biases, among other encounters (Houser, 2018). In this article, the authors fail to mention if the ethical measures were considered when conducting the study. The fact that only but a few participants decided to respond, in this case, signifies that participation was voluntary, and no one was forced. Additionally, the use of survey questions through the internet does not guarantee that the participants’ confidential information was well protected.(Quantitative Research Critique Sample)  

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Quantitative Research Critique Sample
Quantitative Research Critique Sample

Data Collection

           The authors have clearly defined the process through which they collected the data for the study. The only information available is that the participants were allowed to complete a socio0-demographic data sheet and six survey tools. The study also used the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services as an instrument for measuring the aspects of burnout. A moral distress scale was included to serve as a tool for measuring the regularity and strength of moral distress in hospital-based clinical care. According to Houser (2018), the collection is the most tedious and the most important to the researcher. It is representation in quantitative research that has to be represented in numeric for easy analysis and interpretations. (Quantitative Research Critique Sample)

Data Analysis

           As House (2018) states, data analysis is critical for every study as it provides the chance to know whether the formulated hypotheses have been proven true false. For this research, the data analysis was done through SPSS, version 21.0, and software (IBM SPSS). The summary of all measures for the study was done through descriptive statistics. According to the authors, from the calculations on collinearity diagnostics, tolerance emerged above 0.2, while the outcome for variance inflation factor was less than four (4) in all models. This study’s level of importance, as such, was .05. The researcher did not indicate the researcher identify type 1 error (p-value) or type 2 error, and neither did they mention the statistical test used in the study.(Quantitative Research Critique Sample) 

Validity and Reliability

           According to Houser (2018), validity is the ability of the instrument used in a study to work as expected, while reliability is its ability to remain consistent and accurate in measuring the concepts. In this article, the authors do not mention how the instrument’s validity and reliability were maintained. This is contrary to Houser’s (2018) opinion that the researcher should give detailed information on the instrument used and how it was maintained in the study for the reader’s benefit. 

Findings

           The findings of the study indicated that the hypotheses evident in the theme of the study was correct. This is to mean that moral distress in nurses was responsible for predicting all three aspects of burnout. Nonetheless, as proposed in the introduction, resilience could protect nurses from being exhausted emotionally and advance their accomplishments. This is drawn from the fact that participants who exhibited higher scores on resilience had also scored lowly on the burnout subscales of depersonalization and emotional overtiredness. Still, the study had at least one limitation, in which 63% (114 participants) of the eligible 180 participants had come from a single healthcare system. This means that the study results could differ if participants from other geographical locations were included.(Quantitative Research Critique Sample)  

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Nursing Implication

           Some of the strengths of this study are that it delves into understanding moral distress that affects not only personal life but also their professional reputations, which means poor performance in nursing. This means that studies have to go deeper into understanding a nurse’s sincere emotions, most of which are often hidden for fear of job loss in case of exposure and using the results to find possible solutions for the emotional exhaustion and more adverse encounter in a nursing career at large. The study’s weakness is that it fails to give room for future studies in the same by highlighting any possible future problems that might result from its proposed solutions. In my nursing career, I shall implement the recommendations in this study to help keep me away from the adverse impacts of burnout and moral distress.(Quantitative Research Critique Sample) 

References

Houser, J. (2016). Nursing research: Reading, using, and creating evidence. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Rushton, C. H., Batcheller, J., Schroeder, K., & Donohue, P. (2015). Burnout and resilience among nurses practicing in high-intensity settings. American Journal of Critical Care, 24(5), 412-420.

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